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The Spartan army stood at the centre of the Spartan state, whose male and female citizens were trained in the discipline and honor of the warrior society.〔Connolly (2006), p. 38〕 Subject to military drill from early manhood, the Spartans were one of the most feared military forces in the Greek world. At the height of Sparta's power – between the 6th and 4th centuries BC – it was commonly accepted that, "one Spartan was worth several men of any other state."〔 According to Thucydides, the famous moment of Spartan surrender at the island of Sphacteria off of Pylos was highly unexpected. He said that "it was the common perception at the time that Spartans would never lay down their weapons for any reason, be it hunger, or danger." The iconic army was first coined by the Spartan legislator Lycurgus.〔Plutarch, ''The Life of Lycurgus'' (written 75, trans. John Dryden 1683), (The Internet Classics Archive )〕 In his famous quote of Sparta having a "wall of men, instead of bricks", he proposed to create a military-focused lifestyle reformation in the Spartan society in accordance to proper virtues such as equality for the male citizens, austerity, strength, and fitness. A Spartan man's involvement with the army began in infancy when he was inspected by the ''Gerousia''. If the baby was found to be weak or deformed he was left at Mount Taygetus to die, since the world of the Spartans was no place for those who could not already fend for themselves. It should be noted, however, that the practice of discarding children at birth took place in Athens as well. Those deemed strong were then put in the agoge at the age of seven. Under the agoge the young boys or Spartiates were kept under intense and rigorous military training. Their education focused primarily on cunning, sports and war tactics, but also included poetry, music, academics, and sometimes politics. Those who passed the agoge by the age of 30 were given full Spartan citizenship. The term "spartan" became synonymous with multiple meanings such as: fearlessness, harsh and cruel life, endurance or simplicity by design.〔(Oxford Dictionary )〕 ==Mycenaean age == The first reference to the Spartans at war is in the ''Iliad'', where they participated among the other Greek contingents. Like the rest of the Mycenaean-era armies it was composed largely of infantry, equipped with short swords, spears, Dipylon-type ("8"-shaped) and simple round bronze shields. This was an age of heroic warfare with simple tactics, often little more than a general charge and a great deal of killing as it was common for entire armies to be chased down and killed after a rout.〔 The basic tactic of battle was "free for all".〔 War chariots were used by the elite, but unlike their counterparts in the Middle East, they appear to have been used for transport, with the warrior dismounting to fight on foot and then remounting it to withdraw from combat, although some accounts show warriors throwing their spear from the chariot before dismounting.〔Warry (2004), pp. 14–15〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Spartan army」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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